Francisca (Chiquinha it is the diminutive) Edwiges Neves Gonzaga was born October 17, 1847 in the city of Rio de Janeiro . The daughter of a first lieutenant, who later became mareschiallo, José Basileu and a mongrel named Mary. Their union was formalized until three years later, given the fervent opposition of his father's family. Chiquinha received a good education and musical education.
In 1863, with the tender age of sixteen she married Jacinto do Amaral, from which soon had two children: Maria João Gualberto do and patronage. Her husband, possessive and jealous, Chiquinha forced to follow him in his arduous sea journeys to Paraguay, during which slaves were transported, weapons and soldiers. It was an unhappy marriage because her husband forbade her to cultivate the music that she loved so much. Her husband stood before a dramatic choice: either he or the music. It seems that Chiquinha responded: "But Mr. husband, I do not understand life without harmony"
He decided to leave her husband and at the same time she became pregnant with her third child, Hilario. At that time, in a patriarchal society, it was something unacceptable for a woman. It was repudiated by the company and declared her dead father.
began to attend a typical male of the popular musicians. He became a friend of the flutist and composer Calado, which is considered one of the founders of the "chorinho" in Brazil. He met a wealthy engineer and bohemian, João Batista, with whom she had an intense and important report and to whom she bore a daughter, Alice.
When they parted, Chiquinha went to live in the "bairro" (the district) of São Cristóvão Rio de Janeiro. To survive, he taught in special schools, and of course piano lessons.
At that time he started playing in a group of choro. This is the first woman in the history of Brazilian popular music. In fact it was played only by chorinho musicians men.
became known with his first polka, "Atraente," which he published in 1877.
addition to being a musician with a life outside the norm, Chiquinha committed itself politically, taking part in revolutionary movements of 1880 and for the republic as well as in demonstrations against slavery (which was abolished in Brazil in 1888).
In 1885 he was able to overcome another barrier artistic piece he staged his play "A court na Roca". In fact the two previous pieces, "Viagem ao Panascia" and "Festa de São João" were not accepted, because written by a woman, a fact unprecedented up at that time.
In 1889 he composed the first 'brand' (Marcia) "Abre Alas" for "cordao de Ouro", which is still considered one of the first carnival marches.
In 1899, fifty-two years, began an affair with a boy who is younger than him, João Batista, who was only 16 years. Chiquinha submit it to the company by pretending that it was his son. The relationship lasted until the death of Chiquinha.
Since 1902, Chiquinha went three times in Portugal, working in "Teatros de revista. In 1912
music a "Burlet" called "Forrobodó" with texts by Charles Bettencourt and Luis Peixoto, and that makes an important step in the Brazilian theater. Followed by other theater pieces and even a guitar solo of his famous tango "Corta-Jaca" in 1914 and presented at the "Palacio do Catete, at the behest of his wife President Hermes da Fonseca de Tefe Nair. We already know, that was a scandal ....
Chiquinha also be hired for the rights autorali and was co-founder in 1917 of a Sbat (Sociedade Brasileira de Autores Teatrais), the Brazilian company of playwrights.
Chiquinha Gonzaga died at age 87 years 28 February 1935 in Rio de Janeiro until the end and using his creative abilities, lasciando un importante patriomio culturale e musicale in Brasile.
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